TORCH infections are associated with what outcome in pregnancy?

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Multiple Choice

TORCH infections are associated with what outcome in pregnancy?

Explanation:
TORCH infections cross the placenta and disrupt fetal development, so the most likely outcome is congenital abnormalities. Exposure in pregnancy can lead to structural defects and neurodevelopmental issues, such as cataracts and heart defects with rubella, microcephaly with CMV, chorioretinitis or intracranial calcifications with toxoplasmosis, and other congenital problems. While some infants may have postnatal issues or fetal loss, the hallmark association is fetal abnormalities rather than normal development or no effect.

TORCH infections cross the placenta and disrupt fetal development, so the most likely outcome is congenital abnormalities. Exposure in pregnancy can lead to structural defects and neurodevelopmental issues, such as cataracts and heart defects with rubella, microcephaly with CMV, chorioretinitis or intracranial calcifications with toxoplasmosis, and other congenital problems. While some infants may have postnatal issues or fetal loss, the hallmark association is fetal abnormalities rather than normal development or no effect.

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